皮埃尔�德�顾拜旦，是法国著名教育家、国际体育活动家、教育学家和历史学家、现代奥林匹克运动的发起人。下面是小编为你整理的顾拜旦英文简介，希望对你有用!
School period
Pierre de Coubertin was born in Paris in 1863, a Catholic family of faith in Paris. Father is a royalist bureaucrats, mothers engaged in charity, is a devout believer. Coubertin is the youngest child in her family and is sent to the military school when she is young. From the young age, he has a wide range of sports interest, love boxing, boating, fencing and horse riding and other sports. He was smart and studious. After graduation, he admired the learned rhetoric teacher Karon priest, so the reason, the history of literature and history have a strong interest, and with great interest to the ancient Greek culture. After graduating from high school, he first entered the military academy, and then study education. For further study, he went to study in the UK. Where he studied the history of British education, wrote the 18th century British children educator Thomas Arnold's educational ideas of academic papers. Arnott once said:
Movement is an activity of youth self education. This famous quote in the heart of Coubertin, induced to focus on physical education sparks. At that time, he also examined the status of British education and sports, where the school's physical education, extracurricular sports activities and frequent outings are very much appreciated in the French schools can also set up physical education, training students collectivism and hard work Exercise, strong physical spirit. At that time, he was deeply saddened by the defeat of France in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, hoping to revive France by reforming education and strengthening the human constitution.
Advocate sports thought
Under the influence of the ancient Greek culture and the British bourgeois education at that time, he gradually germinated the reform of the French education system and advocate the idea of sports. After graduating from college, Coubertin did not listen to his parents to persuade, involved in the military, the legal profession, decided to engage in education and sports on the road. After returning home, he published the "history of France after 1870", "the reform of the education system", "the guiding principle of movement", "ideal of sports psychology", "British and Greek memories", "British education" And a series of works, put forward a lot of reform education and the development of sports recommendations, attracted the attention of the French people, and had a certain international influence.
Ancient Olympic ruins
Between 1875 and 1881, under the efforts of European archaeologists, the ruins of the immortal ancient Olympic Games were constantly being excavated, and the results of excavation were quickly announced every year. Therefore, Coubertin, like some of the other people who are interested in Olympia, can listen to the announcement in a timely and detailed manner. In this regard, he put forward a very valuable mining plan. At that time he wrote: "The Germans unearthed the ruins of Olympia, but why can not France begin to restore her ancient glorious history?
From 1875 onwards, until 1881, archaeologists in Greece to continuously explore the ancient Olympic cultural relics, which caused Pierre's interest and concern. In 1890, he finally had the opportunity to visit the Greek Olympia, the birthplace of the ancient Olympic movement. He believes that the promotion of the ancient Olympic spirit can promote the development of international sports.
Revival of the Olympic Games
On December 25, 1892, Pierre de Coubertin gave a speech and made his first "revival of the Olympic movement" in his speech.
In 1894 in Paris held an international sports conference, decided to set up the first modern Olympic Games in Greece, and the provisions of every four years.
On June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee was formally established, when the Greek writer Vikkelas (Δημήτριος Βικέλας) served as Chairman of the International Olympic Committee, and Coubertin served as Secretary-General of the International Olympic Committee.
In order to achieve their ambition, Coubertin West crossing the English Channel, the British sports carried out the investigation carried out. In 1887, he made a "French and British secondary education system contrast" report, the British outdoor sports game content to give a high evaluation, advocated in the French students also play competitive games, and focus on sports to reform education. In May 1888, Coubertin raised the question of being too tired for students to be overworked. "The only solution is to let the children play." In that year, Coubertin became Secretary-General of the French School Sports Training Preparatory Committee. The following year, in the promotion of St. Clair, the establishment of the "French sports federation." In the same year, Coubertin represented France in the sports training conference held in Boston, United States. During the meeting, he further understood the dynamics of world sports development, keenly felt that the development of modern sports is moving towards internationalization, a number of international organizations of individual sports federation have been established. For example, in 1881 established the "International Gymnastics Federation", in 1892 established the "International Rowing Federation" and "International Skating Federation" and so on. These organizations have laid the foundations for the birth of the modern Olympic Games.
In order to further examine the situation of sports in various countries, Coubertin has worked tirelessly to visit some European countries. In 1890, his life for the first time visited the birthplace of the Olympic movement - Greece's Olympia. When he saw the ruins of the ancient Olympic Games, he was very attentive and had the idea of hosting the Olympic Games attended by all countries, hoping to enhance the friendship between the athletes.
This year, Coubertin was commissioned by the French government to investigate and study the university's sport, and he took the opportunity to send a questionnaire on the state of the sport to many countries in the world. Through the investigation, he found that the international sports organizations are full of contradictions and confusion, opposing emotions are very serious, the growing commercialization of sports. Thus making him realize that with the ancient Greek sports historical experience and the traditional influence, to promote international sports, and deeply felt that as soon as possible to the ancient Olympic spirit, the modern Olympic Games founded, with "unity, friendship, peace "Spirit to guide the game, in order to eliminate the field of sports there are all kinds of confusion in the negative tendencies. So, he actively embarked on the creation of modern Olympic Games.
In 1891, Coubertin reorganized the "Ulysses Committee" as "Sports High Council". In the same year he also founded the "Sports Review" magazine, well in this position, warmly promote his sports ideas. At that time, the worship of Coubertin Di Dong priest founded an academic club, put forward the "faster, higher, stronger" slogan. Coubertin admired and endorsed the slogan and used it as a slogan for the International Olympic Games. Because it embodies the human forever and progressive spirit.
November 25, 1892, Coubertin in the "French Sports Federation," the third anniversary of the commemoration of the General Assembly, published a speech entitled "revival of the Olympic" speech, the first time he formally put forward the initiative to set up a modern Olympic Games.
In order to achieve this initiative quickly, Coubertin proposed the "French Sports Federation" to launch and convene an important "sports federation" representatives from all over the world to participate in the "International Sports Conference", the specific consultations on the revival of the Olympic Games. To this end, set up a chapel, led by the United Kingdom, the United States and the French community of celebrities composed of "the Preparatory Committee", and later, he traveled to the ocean, went to Britain, the United States and other local countries, to further promote the revival of the Olympic Games Advocate. Under his impetus, an international sports consultation was held in Paris in 1893 to discuss the issue of the creation of the modern Olympic Games.
After years of hard work and careful preparation by Coubertin and his colleagues, the "Restoration of the Olympic Games Congress" was held in Paris from 18 to 24 June 1894. 79 representatives from 12 European and American countries attended the meeting. At this historic meeting, unanimously through the restoration of the Olympic Movement charter, to determine the purpose of the modern Olympic Games, and provides only allow amateur athletes to participate. In order to organize the modern Olympic Games, but also formally established the Olympic Games permanent leadership - the International Olympic Committee. Greek famous poet Ze Vikelas was elected as the first president, Coubertin was elected Secretary-General. The meeting also decided that the first modern Olympic Games was held in Greece in April 1896. After the ancient Olympic Games by the tradition, held every four years.
In October 1894, Coubertin visited the Olympia region again. In order to save money and transportation convenience, he canceled the Olympic Games in Olympia, the intention of the ancient Greek style, decided to build a new audience in Athens, the stadium held the first modern Olympic Games. The first Olympic Games was held in Athens on April 5, 1896, with the help of the Greek wealthy businessman George Aveirov.
Coubertin asked the Games to be held around the world, against Greece as a permanent venue for the Games. He believes that the glorious history of the ancient Olympic Games is the Greek nation, but also all mankind, only to make it in different countries, different regions widely disseminated and become an international event in order to make the Olympic spirit flourish and more vitality.
For the modern Olympic Games effort
In order to defend the purity of the Olympic spirit, in 1912, Coubertin during the Stockholm Olympic Games, published his masterpiece "Sports Ode". Warmly retorted songs, to express his Olympic ideal. To this end, he won the gold medal of the Olympic Games literature and art competition.
In 1913, Coubertin carefully designed the flag for the International Olympic Committee, that is, the middle of the blue, black, red, yellow, green five colored ring set into a white borderless flag. It symbolizes the unity of the five continents, as well as the world athletes in a fair, frank competition and friendly spirit at the Olympic Games meet.
He also advocated the release of the Olympic flame, the establishment of the Olympic Cup and so on. On the issue of determining the slogan of the Olympic Games, Coubertin initially felt that the game should be guided by the slogan of "unity, friendship and peace". Later, one of his friends, Dean the elders, put forward the slogan of "faster, higher and stronger", and received the appreciation of Coubertin that it embodied the great spirit of mankind's progress and progress, and then it was The slogan of the International Olympic Games. [2]
In addition, Coubertin has also opened up sports in the field of sports psychology. He has published the "Sports Psychology" (1913) and "Athletic Education" (1919) and other masterpieces; also published on the classification of sports insights for sports academic research made its own contribution.
From 1896 to 1925, Baron Coubertin served as Chairman of the International Olympic Committee. Responsible for the organization's leadership work. During his tenure, the IOC members moved from 14 to 40. At the same time, in his support, has set up more than 20 international special sports federation. In 1924, he was resigned as a 28-year-old president of the International Olympic Committee, but he was hired as honorary chairman.
Died
September 2, 1937, Coubertin Baron because of heart disease in Lausanne died, aged 74 years old. In accordance with the wishes of his lifetime, Coubertin's body buried in Lausanne, Switzerland, and its heart is buried in the birthplace of the ancient Greek Olympic - Olympia. He hopes that even if he has been sleeping in the ground, but the heart can still be beaten with the pulse of the Olympic movement.
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Le Baron Pierre De Coubertin (1863 ~ 1937), is a famous French educator, international sports activist, educator and historian, the founder of the modern Olympic movement. January 1, 1863 was born in Paris, France, a very wealthy aristocratic family. From 1896 to 1925, he served as chairman of the International Olympic Committee, and designed the Olympic emblem, the Olympic Games flag. Because of his immortal achievements in the Olympic, the international reputation as "the father of the Olympic".