写初中自己的总结（通用3篇）
快乐的寒假又来到了，可这次寒假和往常不一样，因为秘密花园的秘密任务也悄然而至。寒假的尾声，我就向大家汇报一下五项秘密任务的完成情况。
一、种花
在紧张的期末考试后的一天，我接到任务后无比得振奋，小心翼翼地把花种带回家，拿出了精心准备的花盆，因花盆底部有一个洞，为了不让水分过量的流失，我先放了块小石头进去，再在盆底埋点营养土，再盖上生土，播下花种，快要大功告成了，我用手舀起一点水，轻轻撒在上面，等待发芽。起先，我是每天趴在那儿看，一天又一天，十天到了，种子宝宝好像还要在泥土中睡一会，一点没有起来的意思。我还将灌木枯叶放进去，能当肥料用，还每隔一天浇三分之一碗的水，尽管没有发芽，但是还有一丝期望。
二、喂鸟
《蛇鸟大战》虽然这短短半小时的视频，却给了我人生心灵上的一个冲击！那只鸟妈妈为了帮孩子复仇，不惜自己的生命和蟒蛇搏斗，最后以坚强的毅力把蛇头啄烂，这伟大而又无私的母爱，让我和家人们深受感动，原来动物也会动情。于是，我立即跑到楼下，挑了一棵上有鸟窝，下有蚂蚁窝的中心树撒了一把米，等几日后，发现米没了，我但愿这是蚂蚁的冬粮和鸟儿的大餐。
三、经商
接到任务后，我很苦恼，两块钱能买到什么呢？我跑到妈妈的办公室，听说有人要印泥，我向妈妈借了3元，飞奔下去，一路到了文化用品店，买了盒5元的印泥，回到办公室，我用零售价8元卖了出去，再还给妈妈3元，哈哈，盈利了3元。
四、打工
春节期间，不仅短信、红包、拜年聚多，电话费也是积成山，你们肯定猜到，我去交话费了，我一人小心地跑到电信营业厅，与柜台阿姨交流，交完后，拿到了两元薪金。
五、回报
我去零食店用打工赚到了1元钱买了两颗糖，一颗给爸爸，一颗给妈妈，幸福的味道在嘴里弥漫开来，他们都感受幸福。
六、建议
我建议陈老师在暑（寒）假带领我们做一些实验活动，做一些科学活动（安全的）。
动词的时态、语态
一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。
时间状语： every…, sometimes,at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。
I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
一般过去时的用法
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
Where did you go just now
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
3）句型：
It is time for sb. to do sth"到……时间了该……了"
It is time sb. did sth. "时间已迟了早该……了"
It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事
Id rather you came tomorrow.
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。
I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较：
一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。
Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去) 注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
Did you want anything elseI wondered if you could help me.
2）情态动词 could, would.
Could you lend me your bike
used to/be used to
1
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
Mother used not to be so forgetful.
Scarf used to take a walk.(过去常常散步)
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
典型例题
---- Your phone number againI ___ quite catch it.
---- Its 69568442. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 答案A.
一般将来时
1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first.
Will you be at home at seven this evening
2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
4)be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
be going to/will 用于条件句时， be going to表将来
will表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。
be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)
Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)
一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus starIt stars in ten minutes.
2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
3）在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。
I hope they have a nice time next week.
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.
用现在进行时表示将来
意为："意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用于人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
Im leaving tomorrow.
Are you staying here till next week
2
现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。
比较过去时与现在完成时
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately
现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
不确定的时间状语
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.
过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
举例：
I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
Why did you get up so early （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasnt handed in his paper（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White
---Hes already been sent for.
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all
---No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. cameD. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
3
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before
---No, its the first time I ___ here.
A. even, comeB. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.
比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born..
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.(我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years.
= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1920
2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work.他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
Ive known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2)用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"
He didnt come back until ten oclock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten oclock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B.
2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be答案A.
4
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-----------|-----------|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前那时现在
2） 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.
3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意：had no … when还没等…… 就……had no sooner… than刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
用一般过去时代替完成时
1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。 When she saw the mouse，she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。 When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
将来完成时
1) 构成will / be going to do sth.
2) 概念
a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。
b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或一获得的经验。 They will have been married for 20 years by then.
对于我们学生来说，世界上有三样东西要等好久才能来：生日、寒假、暑假。同时有三样东西随时都会到来：月考、期中考试、期末考试。
对待考试，我想各位都很有经验，因为已经是家常便饭了嘛，但是为什么“失败是成功之母”这句话总是不会在某些同学身上灵验，一次次的考试失败之后还是失败。我想这跟考后对待考试的态度有很大的关系。
有的同学考前对试题卷是“可欲而不可求”，考时则是对试题卷“奉若真神”，生怕漏了一道题，但是考后则是把它无情的抛弃，这时，他们的眼中只有分数了。时下不是流行可持续发展吗?那么为什么有那么多的同学没有把眼光放在以后。其实分数只不过是对你这阶段努力的一个评价，考完后不是盯着它，难道盯着它就能把66分变成99分吗?关键还是要弄清丢失分数的原因、不清楚的知识以及这一阶段的不足，我们的目标不是这一次次的小考，而是将来的中考、高考，当然了，也只有在这一次次小考之后及时总结并矫正，才能在未来的中考、高考中看见辉煌。
考完后总结固然重要，但是更要找到新的起点，有的同学一次考试失败了就一蹶不振，我想这样做是没有必要的，哭完后，发泄完就静下心来重新找到自己的起点，“下雨后不一定有彩虹，但是至少会万里晴空”，用一个好心情，用一种平常心去投入下一轮的学习，也许努力不必定会有收获，但不努力必定不会有收获。
当然了，找到起点后决不能停在起点不动，而要前进、奋斗。有的同学考完后很有动力，列了一大堆复习打算，下了一大堆决心，但是几天过后就又像以前一样了，所以请大家要用毅力坚持学习下来，如果一直像以前，不做出改变的话，下次考试怕又要名落孙山，正如0，你不在前面画一个1时，0还是0，所以请大家能找到起点并扬长补短，努力学习。
学习正如吃饭，而考试失败则是饭中的一粒石子，你总不能在人生中对知识最渴求时，因为一次的失败而不学习，正如你不会因为饭中有一粒石子而饿着不吃饭吧，所以继续努力，愿你们的付出会有收获。