2023北京导游词考试（精选3篇）
Tian’anmen( the Gate of Heavenly Peace), is located in the center ofBeijing. It was first built in 1417 and named Chengtianmen( the Gate of HeavenlySuccession). At the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war.When it was rebuilt under the Qing in 1651, it was renamed Tian’anmen, andserved as the main entrance to the Imperial City, the administrative andresidential quarters for court officials and retainers. The southern sections ofthe Imperial City wall still stand on both sides of the Gate. The tower at thetop of the gate is nine-room wide and five –room deep. According to the Book ofChanges, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supremestatus of a sovereign.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Tian’anmen was the place where stateceremonies took place. The most important one of them was the issuing ofimperial edicts, which followed these steps:
1) The Minister of Rites would receive the edict in Taihedian( Hall ofSupreme Harmony), where the Emperor was holding his court. The minister wouldthen carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hallvia Taihemen( Gate of supreme Harmony)
2) The Minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragonpavilion). Beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via Wumen( Meridian Gate), toTian’anmen Gate tower.
3) A courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. The civil andmilitary officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower wouldprostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decreeto the proclaimed.
4) The courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box andlower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. The document would finally becarried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the Ministry ofRites.
5) The edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the wholecountry.
Such a process was historically recorded as “ Imperial Edict Issued byGolden Phoenix”.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties Tian’anmen was the most importantpassage. It was this gate that the Emperor and his retinue would go through ontheir way to the altars for ritual and religious activities.
On the Westside of Tian’anmen stands ZhongshanPark( Dr. Sun Yat-sen’sPark), and on the east side, the Working People’s Cultural Palave. The Park wasformerly called Shejitan( Altar of Land and Grain), built in 1420 for offeringsacrificial items to the God of Land. It was opened to the public as a park in1914 and its name was changed in 1928 to the present one in memory of the greatpioneer of the Chinese Democratic Revolution.
The Working People’s Cultural Palace used to be Taimiao( the SupremeAncestral Temple), where tablets of the deceased dynastic rulers were kept.
The stream in front of Tian’anmen is called Waijinshuihe( Outer GoldenRiver),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . Of these sevenbridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of theemperor and was accordingly called Yuluqiao( Imperial Bridge). The bridgesflanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family andwere therefore called Wanggongqiao( Royal’s Bridges). Farther away on each sideof the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and werenamed Pinjiqiao( ministerial Bridges). The remaining two bridges were for theuse by the retinue below the third order and wre called Gongshengqiao( commonBridges). They anr the one in front of the Supreme Ancestral Temple to the eastand the one in front of the Altar of land and Grain to the west.
The two stone lions by the Gate of Tian’anmen, one on each side were meantas sentries. They gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperor’s walkway.In front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called Huabiao. They areelaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon.Behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. The story of Huabiao maybe traced to a couple of sources. One of the versions accredits its invention toone of the Chinese sage kings named Yao, who was said to have set up a woodenpillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it wasoriginally called a slander pillar. Later it ws reduced to a signpost, and nowit serves as an ornament.
The beast sitting on the top of the column is called” hou”, a legendaryanimal, which is said to have been a watcher of an emperor’s behaviour. He wasdoing such duties as warning the emperor against staying too long outside thepalace or indulging in pleasure and urging him to go to the people for theircomplaints or return in due time. Therefore, the two pairs of beasts were giventhe names” Wangjunhui”( Expecting the emperor’s coming back) and “ wangjunchu”(Expecting the emperor’s going out) respectinvely.
In the old days, Tian’anmen, as a part of the Imperial City, was meant forimportant occasions. The two rows of chaofang( antechamber), on the sides behindthe main gate, wre reserved for civil and military members of the governmentwaiting for imperial audience and in front of the gate, were offices of imperialadministration.
On October 1, 1949, chairman Mao Zedong proclaimed on Tian’anmen Rostrumthe founding of the People’s Republic of China. Since then Tian’anmen has beenthe symbol of New Chine\a. Chairman Mao’s portrait is hung above the centralentrance, flanked by two slogans:” Long Live the Great Unity of the Peoples ofthe World”. Today , the splendour of Tian’anmen attracts million of visitorsfrom all over the world. The Rostrum on its top was opened in 1988 to the publicfor the first time in its history. It offers a panoramic view of the Square andthe city proper.
Tian’anmen Square
Situated due south of Tian’anmen, the Square has an area of 44 hectares(109 acres) that can accommodate as many as one million people for publicgatherings. It has witnessed may historical events in China’s modern history andis a place for celebrations on such festive days as international Labour Day onMay 1st and national Day on October 1st.
Around the Square are several famous buildings:
1 The Great Hall of the People
This is one of the largest congressional buildings in the world. Built in1959, the hall consists of three parts: a 10,000-seat auditorium in the center,a banquet hall in the north wing facing Chang’an Street, with a seating capacityof 5,000, and offices for the Standing Committee of the National Peoples’Congress of China in the south. In addition, thirty-four reception chambers arenamed after various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directlyunde the Central Government, plus Hong Kong and Macao. Each is different fromthe other in decoration and furnishings to stress their local features.
2 The Museum of Chinese History and the Museum of the ChineseRevolution
These two museums were also built in 1959. the museum of Chinese Historyhouses a permanent exhibition in four parts, covering the entire process ofChinese history spanning from 1.7 million years ago to 1919:
1) The Primitive Society( 1.7 million years ago to the 21st centuryBC);
2) The Slave Society(21st century BC to 476 BC.);
3) The Feudal Society(475 BC. To 1840 AD.);
4) The Semi-Colonial and Semi- Fedual Society(1840 to 1919.)
The Museum of the Chinese Revolution covers the period from 1919 to1949.
3 The Monument to the People’s Heroes
the monument was built in memory of thousands of martyrs who died for therevolutionary cause of the Chinese people. Its construction began on August 1,1952 and was not completed until 1958. in the form of an obelisk, the Monumentas made of more than 17,000 pieces of tranite and white marble. The purple pieceinlaid in the front of the Monument was brought from Qingdao, Shandong Province.It is 38 meters(124ft 8 in) high, the loftiest of its kind ever seen in thecountry. Not only is it an historic memorial for immortal heroes, but also it isan artistic work of excellent architectural value.
On the front side of the Monument is an engraved inscription in Chinesecharacters written by Chairman Mao Zedong, which reads” Eternal Glory to thePeople’s Heroes!”. On the back of the Monument is an article written by ChairmanMao, but in Chinese calligraphy by the late Premier Zhou Enlai.
At the top of the Monument are eight gigantic carved wreathes of suchflowers as peony, lotus and chrysanthemum, symbolizing nobility, purity, andfortitude. At the base of the monument are eight marble reliefs depicting theChinese historic events since 1840. They are:
1) The Burning of Opium in 1840:
2) The uprising of 1851 in Jintian, Guangxi;
3) The Revolution of 1911;
4) The May Fourth Movement of 1919;
5) The May 30th Movement of 1925;
6) The Uprising of 1927 in Nanchang, Jiangxi;
7) The War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression from 1937 to 1945;
8) The Victorious Crossing over the Yangtze River by the Peoples’sLiberation Army in 1949. This relief is flanked by two smaller ones—“ Supplyingthe Front” and “ Greeting the P.L.A.”.
4 Chairman Mao’s Mausoleum
Chairman Mao Zedong, the founder of the People’s Pepublic of China, passedaway on Sepember 9, 1976. In commemoration of this great man, a mausoleum beganto be constructed in November 1976, and was completes in August the followingyear. The Mausoleum was officially opened on September 9, 1977.
北京作为中国的七大古都之一，文物古迹随处可见，是全球拥有世界遗产(6处)最多的城市;景物数量也为全国之最，对外开放的旅游景物达200多处，有世界上最大的皇宫紫禁城、祭天神庙天坛、皇家花园北海、皇家园林颐和园，还有八达岭长城、慕田峪长城以及世界上最大的四合院恭王府等名胜古迹。
北京的景观涵盖了历史，文化，自然，艺术等各个领域，几乎每个区县都有旅游热点，其中三环以内是北京的老城区，人文景观大部分都分布在这里;环绕四周的区县则主要为自然风光，其中，北边的延庆，怀柔，密云有举世闻名的长城，西边的海淀，昌平，门头沟，房山则多山林峡谷。
北京,是中国六朝古都,历史源远流长,保存着较为完整的古代建筑格局。北京,是中华人民共和国的首都,简称京,是中国的政治、文化和国际交往的中心,由此北京有着丰富多彩的古代、现代的人文景观,有着博大精深的文化底蕴。
北京全市面积16807.8平方公里,在北面有军都山,西面有西山,与河北交界的东灵山海拔2303米是北京市的最高峰。境内有密云水库、怀柔水库和十三陵水库;其他还有潮白河、北运河、永定河、拒马河和汤河五大河。
北京的气候属于温带大陆性季风性气候,季节分明:春季略有风沙,气温偏低。夏季炎热,有阵雨。秋季天气晴朗、温和,天高气爽,是旅游的黄金季节;但深秋早晚较凉,中午较热。冬季气候干燥、寒冷,雪较少。
来北京观光旅游不能错过具有北京特色的风味小吃和悠久历史的名吃。名吃有北京烤鸭、涮羊肉、宫廷菜。
北京的特产有:王麻子刀剪、安宫牛黄丸、秋梨膏、果脯蜜饯、茯苓夹饼、六必居酱菜。土产有:京白梨、盖柿、良乡板栗、山楂、核桃、密云小枣、杏。
女士们、先生们：咱们今天下午的活动内容是逛胡同和参观四合院。胡同和四合院是历史上__X城的有机体，是组成社会的细胞，是老__X人休养生息、繁衍挣扎的地方，是__X城历史演进的的有力见证。我们想真正地了解__X人的生活，就得钻胡同，串四合院。
为了使大家游览中增加情趣，现在利用乘车的时间，向大家介绍一些有关胡同和四合院的知识。
(导游员可利用适当的时间，向客人们总述或分段介绍下面的内容)
女士们、先生们，大家千万不可小看__X的胡同和四合院，更不能把它们看成是仅供人们栖身住宿的地方，如果听我稍加讲解，就可发现，原来__X的胡同和四合院蕴藏着如此丰富的中华文化!我先介绍一些有关“胡同”的知识。
(胡同一词的由来)
__X城内的胡同与繁华的大街比起来，确实有些不起眼，但是据专家们考证，明朝就有人对胡同进行研究了，至今已有了五六百年的研究史。胡同的写法明朝与现在不同，是将“胡同”二字，分别夹在“行”字的中间，如明嘉靖三十九年(1560)出版的《京师五城坊巷吞[集》中的“吞[”二字，就是典型的早期文献证明。明朝人对这种写法非常得意，说胡和同是“胡人大同”的意思，从表面上看具有“少数民族团结”的，然而二字都夹在“行”字之间，就暗示着蒙古人(元朝统治者)早晚要走人的了。
历代众多的专家们曾从多角度对胡同一词进行考证，有的从音韵学角度，有的从字形发展角度，有的从方言角度……最后较集中的成果认为胡同一词原是蒙古语。本世纪40年代出版的《__X地名志》载，在蒙古，比村稍大的部落就叫胡同，也有专家说，胡同是蒙古语中“浩特”的音译。浩特即城镇，包括胡同。
原__X大学副校长张清常先生的考证是较有说服力的。他认为胡同是蒙古语“Hottog”的音译，是水井的意思，有人译作“霍多”或“忽洞”，现在__X仍有以此音命名的地方，如赛音忽洞(好井)、乌克忽洞(死井)、哈业忽洞(双井)等。__X地区一向以水井为中心，分布居民。
(胡同一词何时出现)
胡同一词既然来源于蒙古语，那么蒙古人统治__X地区的元大都时期，这个词有可能就出现了。果然，人们在元杂剧中发现了“胡同”一词。元代大戏曲家王实甫的《歌舞丽春室》杂剧中，就有“恰便以锦胡同”的唱词，在其他的元杂剧中也有类似发现，如“辞别了老母，俺串胡同去了”(《孟母三移》)、“我家住在砖塔胡同”(《沙门岛张生煮海》)……戏中的砖塔胡同即现在西四丁字街南有座七级砖塔的那条胡同。
既然元代才出现胡同这个词，而__X却是一座具有3000多年历史的古城，人们可能会问，元代以前，__X地区的街巷叫什么呢?回答很简单的，那时的__X地区是按古代传下来的旧制，叫做街、巷、坊、里等。这一点从宣武区的地名中可得到证实。因为宣武区的历史早于内城。换句话说是先有宣武区(古蓟城)，后有内城区(元大都)，所以宣武区中现在叫胡同的地名相对要少，而以坊、巷、里、街等为地名的较多，如南横街、白纸坊、华康里、清泉巷等。
(有因可循的胡同名称)
一些外地朋友或外国客人对__X五花八门的胡同名称表示不可思议，耳朵眼、椅子背、豆芽菜、象鼻子坑、焖葫芦罐、石老娘、王寡妇、大脚、臭皮等，都是胡同名，令人不得要领，不如其他的大城市，如__X、天津等，用地名或事件作为该市地名，或称道，或称路，让人一目了然。其实__X的地名也是有其内在联系的，只是没引起人们的注意罢了。如果稍加分析，不难发现，__X的这些地名都与人们的生活或社会现象有关。之所以人们觉得它们如此五花八门、杂乱无章，主要是因为这些名称出现的时间有先后，社会现象复杂造成的。总的来说，__X的这些胡同名称是自然形成的，并非出于行政命令，统一规划，而且是源于生活。